Underground Railroad

  • Epic Ride

A ride through one of the most important chapters in American history, from Mobile, Alabama, to a Canadian safe haven on Lake Huron.

Distance
1,997 miles
Surface
95% paved
3 weeks–2 months
Route Type
Point to Point

Ride the Underground Railroad

This route runs north from Mobile, Alabama, to Owen Sound, Ontario, following rivers and historic corridors through the South, the Ohio River valley, and along Lake Erie before crossing into Canada. 

What to Expect

This route memorializes the network of clandestine paths that freedom seekers used to escape slavery before and during the Civil War, and riding it carries real weight: museums, historic churches, and visitor centers bring the history alive at stops along the way. Terrain ranges from flat farmland and river valleys in the South to rolling, sometimes steep hills along the Ohio River before flattening along Lake Erie. It’s a moderate ride overall, with services rarely far off, well suited to riders who want time to stop, read, and reflect.

The route begins in Mobile, Alabama, once a busy port for the slave trade, and passes Africatown, founded by formerly enslaved people, along with several historically significant churches. It follows the Tombigbee and Tennessee Rivers north and traces the Ohio River, where the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati is a must-see stop. The route crosses into Canada near Niagara Falls and finishes in Owen Sound, long considered the northernmost safe haven on the Underground Railroad and home to an annual Emancipation Festival.

The route runs through flat farmland and gently rolling hills in the Deep South, grows hillier along the Ohio River valley in Kentucky and Ohio, and flattens again along the Lake Erie shoreline before crossing the farm country of southern Ontario to Georgian Bay. The full route includes detailed riding conditions and field notes for every climb and descent.

Services are steady through most of the small towns and river valleys this route passes, with rural stretches in the Deep South and increasingly populated corridors approaching the Great Lakes. A few rural stretches in Kentucky and Tennessee call for more resupply planning. Cell coverage is generally reliable, and U.S. riders should check international roaming before crossing into Canada.

Ride this route roughly spring through fall. Riders going end to end often start in the South in spring, before the Gulf Coast heat and humidity build, and reach Ontario in summer. Expect afternoon thunderstorms in the South and along the Ohio River, and keep an eye on hurricane season near Mobile, which runs June through November. Fall is a scenic time in the northern sections approaching the Great Lakes.

Route Sections

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Mobile, AL to Fulton, MS, 400.8 miles

From Mobile, the route passes Africatown before following the Tombigbee River north through Alabama and into Mississippi toward Fulton.

Fulton, MS to Owensboro, KY, 435.0 miles

This section continues north, picking up the Tennessee River corridor through Tennessee and into western Kentucky, passing through the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area

Owensboro, KY to Milford, OH, 378.9 miles

The route stays near the Ohio River, crossing into Indiana at Brandenburg, returning to Kentucky at Madison, and crossing the northern tip of Kentucky before entering Ohio at Maysville and backtracking to the Cincinnati suburb of Milford. A spur into downtown Cincinnati is available from this section.

Milford, OH to Erie, PA, 404.6 miles

This section crosses Ohio to the Cleveland-Akron area before continuing along the Lake Erie shoreline into Pennsylvania toward Erie. The Pittsburgh Spur offers an alternate route between Pittsburgh and Erie.

Erie, PA to Owen Sound, ON, 377.8 miles

The route continues along Lake Erie through New York to Buffalo, crosses the Peace Bridge into Canada, passes Niagara Falls, and curves around the western end of Lake Ontario before finishing at Owen Sound on Georgian Bay, home to the Emancipation Festival each August.

Pittsburgh, PA to Erie, PA, 153.0 miles

This spur connects downtown Pittsburgh to the main route at Erie, Pennsylvania, offering riders an alternate way to join or leave the corridor through a major city with full services and transit connections.

Everett, OH to Sombra, ON, 340.8 miles

This alternate branches from the main route near Everett, Ohio, and heads north into Michigan before crossing the St. Clair River into Sombra, Ontario, offering a different path north than the main route’s Buffalo crossing. A passport or other approved travel document is required.

Sombra, ON to Owen Sound, ON, 223.9 miles

This second alternate section continues north through Ontario from the Sombra border crossing, rejoining the main route’s finish at Owen Sound on Lake Huron’s Georgian Bay.

Plan Your Ride

This history-rich route works well as a full crossing or in shorter regional stretches, with museums and historic sites to explore along the way.

Trip Planning & Logistics

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Mobile has a regional airport at the start, and Owen Sound is a few hours’ drive from Toronto, so plan your return trip ahead. The route intersects the TransAmerica Trail in western Kentucky, Great Rivers South through Land Between the Lakes, and the Lake Erie Connector and Northern Tier near Buffalo and Erie. The Pittsburgh Spur and Detroit Alternate let riders customize the northern half. Adventure Cycling has also offered a supported tour on the Buffalo to Owen Sound stretch. Most riders plan several weeks for the full route, which also works well in shorter regional pieces. This route is available as a digital route through Adventure Cycling’s shop and includes routing, detailed service information, riding conditions, and field notes for trip planning.

This route runs mostly on paved roads, so a standard touring bike suits it well. Pack layers and rain gear to cover both Southern humidity and cooler northern conditions, plus sun protection and extra water capacity for hot days in the South.

Camping and lodging are available along most of the route, with services concentrated in small towns and river valley communities, and state and provincial parks along the way. Reservations help near Niagara Falls and Owen Sound in peak summer season, and around Cincinnati and Cleveland, where the route runs through more urban corridors. Some campgrounds charge solo cyclists the same as a full tent or RV site, and Warmshowers hosts are an option in the larger cities.

Services are steady through most of the route’s small towns and river valleys, with a few rural stretches in Tennessee and Kentucky that call for more resupply planning. Carry extra water in the Southern heat. Check your digital route in Ride with GPS for service phone numbers, and call ahead for anything outside peak season.

This route crosses an international border, at the Peace Bridge near Buffalo on the main route or into Sombra, Ontario, on the Detroit Alternate, so carry a passport or other approved travel document. Use caution on the narrow Ohio River bridges and on busier roads near Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Niagara Falls, and plan around peak traffic hours in those urban stretches. Watch for loose dogs on rural roads in the South and Kentucky, and carry plenty of water in the summer heat.

Always check Adventure Cycling Route Updates and Corrections before you go.

Routes change. Bridges wash out, businesses close, and construction pops up overnight. We strive to keep routes updated as those things happen. When we learn about a change, we reroute around sections that have become dangerous or are temporarily closed for road work, bridge outages, or construction, and we update service information as businesses open, close, or move. Digital routes are updated as soon as we’ve reviewed a reported issue.

You’re often the first to spot these changes out on the road. Help us keep this route accurate for the next rider by reporting anything you notice with our Route Feedback Form.

This Route Is Part of Something Bigger

It’s one piece of the Adventure Cycling Route Network, began in 1976 and built on a simple mission: to empower people to travel by bike. Our team maps and maintains it; our members and donors make it possible.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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It’s our flagship, staff-built route network. The one that started it all 50 years ago with the TransAmerica Trail, the route that launched bicycle touring and bikepacking in America. Every route in it is designed and researched by our own team of cyclists and cartographers: months of research and on-the-ground testing go into each one, so what you get is more than a line on a map. Each Adventure Cycling route has detailed logistics, terrain and elevation info, points of interest, camping and lodging, safety alerts, and history, all in one place. It’s the most in-depth of our three networks, available as digital routes and most as paper maps too. It’s the route network we update most regularly as conditions change.

They’re related, but not the same thing. The Adventure Cycling Route Network is made up of routes we’ve researched, ridden, and mapped ourselves, chosen specifically for a great touring or bikepacking experience. The U.S. Bicycle Route System (USBRS) is a state-by-state national system that we serve as technical experts for, made official through each state’s department of transportation. The two overlap in a lot of places, but an ACRN route carries our own on-the-ground vetting; a USBRS route carries official state recognition.

It depends! If you want a route we’ve personally scouted end to end, with services, camping, and terrain notes built in, start with the Route Network. The ACA Route Network has routes of many different lengths and can be a much easier starting place for someone new to bicycle travel. If you’re an experienced cyclist piecing together an officially designated corridor, or riding somewhere the two systems converge, the interactive USBRS map is a good resource to use.

The Adventure Cycling Route Network is a premium network because of everything that goes into it. Unlike the U.S. Bicycle Route System (built by state DOTs) or Short Routes (submittedby cyclists in their own communities), every Adventure Cycling route is researched, ridden, and vetted end-to-end by our own team. Unlike other routes, Adventure Cycling routes come with extensive information on riding conditions, terrain notes, camping and lodging info, logistics, safety alerts, and points of interest. We also keep it current as roads and services change. The price supports that ongoing research and maintenance work, done by a nonprofit whose whole mission is making sure the route in your hands is one you can trust.

Turn-by-turn directions with a bike icon aren’t the same as a route built for specifically touring or bikepacking. Every mile in the Adventure Cycling Route Network has been researched and ridden by our staff and researchers, chosen to avoid dangerous traffic, and mapped with what a touring cyclist actually needs — food, water, camping, hotels, bike shops — spaced out along the way. The Adventure Cycling Route Network was built for cyclists by cyclists, is regularly updated, and comes with the resources and information needed to plan your ride.

No. The network includes routes for a wide range of experience and difficulty levels, from a first multi-day trip to a cross-country expedition. What every route has in common is that it was chosen with a touring cyclist’s needs in mind, whatever kind of trip you’re planning.

Not at all. Alongside iconic long-distance routes like the TransAmerica Trail, the network includes shorter regional routes, so it works for a weeklong vacation or a two-month journey.

For many years, we focused on paved routes, but today the network includes plenty of unpaved gravel riding for bikepacking. In fact, Adventure Cycling mapped the Great Divide Mountain Bike Route in 1998, arguably the most impactful bikepacking route in the world. The Adventure Cycling Route Network also includes the Golden Gravel Trail, Idaho Hot Springs Mountain Bike Route, Arkansas High Country Route, and more. Some routes are a 50/50 mix of pavement and gravel. Some routes follow paved and unpaved bike paths and rail trails. The Adventure Cycling Route Network has terrain for every cyclist.

We revisit our printed maps every three to five years, and push corrections to our digital route data as we learn about changes on the ground. If you have an Adventure Cycling Route in Ride with GPS that we’ve updated, you’ll get a notification when you open the route to update to the newest version of the route. Updating will ensure you have the latest data, information, and points of interest vital to being on route. For cyclists who have Adventure Cycling paper maps, we keep a list of route- and section-specific updates current on our Map Updates and Corrections page.

Change comes from two directions: our own staff research and reports from the cyclists actually out there riding them. If a bridge washes out, a shoulder disappears, a campground closes for repairs, or a town loses its only grocery store, that’s the kind of thing that triggers an update. You can help us keep our routes accurate; fill out our Route Feedback Form.

Most of our Adventure Cycling Routes come as waterproof print maps and digital Ride with GPS navigational data. Our print maps are the #1 longstanding popular resource for traveling cyclists. They are waterproof, highly detailed and always work. For long trips, many cyclists use a combination of print maps and digital routes.

If you’re already comfortable and familiar with a GPS navigational aid such as Ride with GPS or a Garmin, our digital data packages are an excellent choice. We do not recommend GPX data for beginners since there are a few extra steps to installing and troubleshooting.

Once you purchase a digital route, you’ll get an email with a link to unlock it in the free Ride with GPS app — no separate subscription required for basic navigation. From there you get turn-by-turn voice directions, curated points of interest like campgrounds and bike shops, and field notes on the history, geography, and climate along your route, all available 100% offline. If you’drather use a dedicated GPS device, you can export the route as a GPX file to load onto a Garmin, Wahoo, or similar device.

To export GPX files of your Adventure Cycling digital route, use your laptop or desktop to open the email you received after purchasing your digital route. Click on the link that allows you to access your Digital Route. Finally, click on EXPORT ALL at the bottom of the screen. This is the only way to export files that include the route line, points of interest, and services. Files will be exported as one ZIP file.

Adventure Cycling uses abbreviations across its paper and digital routes to indicate particular services, land or road types, route names, direction of travel, and route type. Please see our key to abbreviations.

If you have questions on how to purchase a digital route or about the route content, please contact Adventure Cycling: cartography@adventurecycling.org or 406-721-1776.

If you have questions on how to use your Digital Route in Ride with GPS, please check the Ride with GPS support page or email them at info@ridewithgps.com.

If you’re new to Ride with GPS, please check out the following resources:

Our print map panels aren’t always oriented northwards for space and layout reasons. Refer to the north arrows to help orient yourself if you’re not sure.

No. The Routes and Mapping Department does not do custom routes for individuals. Check out the routes we’ve already mapped, and use the interactive map to piece our route networks together, forming a route that gets you from a point A to point B of your choice.

It started with a single route. In 1976, we mapped the TransAmerica Trail, and more than 4,000 cyclists crossed the country together for Bikecentennial — the nation’s bicentennial cycling celebration our founders organized. That one route became the seed of a network we’ve spent the decades since expanding. Today it’s more than 58,000 miles of mapped routes across the U.S. and Canada, from classic epics like the TransAmerica Trail, Great Divide Mountain Bike Route, and Pacific Coast, to shorter regional routes.