TransAmerica Bicycle Trail
- Epic Ride
- Staff Favorite
The original 1976 Bikecentennial route that made cross-country cycling famous, crossing 10 states from the Pacific to the Atlantic.
- Distance
- 4,228 miles
- Surface
- 100% paved
- 2+ months
- Route Type
- Point to Point
Ride the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail
This route runs from Astoria, Oregon, to Yorktown, Virginia, passing Adventure Cycling’s headquarters in Missoula and connecting with several other routes in the network.
What to Expect
This remains the classic way to cross the country by bicycle, following mostly rural two-lane highways with light traffic. Many cafes and overnight stops keep journals filled with entries from decades of cross-country riders, giving today’s travelers a living history of the route. It’s a big undertaking, with steep coastal climbs, high Rocky Mountain passes, long, hot days on the plains, and the relentless ups and downs of the Appalachians, but the steady services and well-worn cyclist culture make it achievable for fit, determined riders.
The ride opens at the Astoria Column overlooking the mouth of the Columbia River and crosses Oregon’s lava fields and high desert before reaching Missoula, home to Adventure Cycling’s headquarters. Riders pass Old West mining towns in Montana, cross Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, and top out on Hoosier Pass in Colorado, the route’s highest point. In the East come the Missouri Ozarks, Abraham Lincoln’s birthplace in Kentucky, the Blue Ridge Parkway, and colonial Virginia, before the finish at Yorktown.
Expect steep ascents and descents on the Oregon coast and in the Cascades, long climbs to passes over 11,000 feet in the Colorado Rockies, wide-open plains with brutal summer heat and wind across Kansas, and the steep, relentless hills of the Ozarks and Appalachians. Virginia has more elevation gain than any other state on the route. The full route includes detailed riding conditions and field notes for every climb and descent.
Services generally appear at reasonable intervals, thanks to decades of cyclist traffic, though Oregon’s high desert, Wyoming, and the Kansas plains see some of the longest gaps between towns. Bike shops are scarce in the rural West and on the plains, so carry spare tubes and basic tools. Cell coverage can drop out in the mountains and on the plains, so download your Ride with GPS route for offline use.
Ride this route between May and September, the standard window for a full crossing. Expect a genuine range of conditions, including coastal rain in Oregon, cold and possible snow at high elevations in the Rockies early and late in the season, strong winds and thunderstorms on the plains, and draining heat and humidity from Kansas to Virginia.
Route Sections
Astoria, OR to Coburg, OR, 224.5 miles
Astoria, a hilly river town at the mouth of the Columbia, is the official start of the route, and the view from atop the Astoria Column is worth the climb. This section follows stretches of beach and outstanding coastal state parks before turning inland through steep ascents and descents toward Coburg.
Coburg, OR to Baker City, OR, 341.0 miles
This section crosses central Oregon, including high desert and ancient lava bed terrain, on the way to Baker City in the state’s northeast corner.
Alternates:
- Santiam Pass Alternate a lower-elevation option shown on the map for use when McKenzie Pass is closed by lingering snow, typically in early season. It trades McKenzie’s dramatic lava-field scenery for a more reliable, lower-elevation crossing of the Cascades.
Baker City, OR to Missoula, MT, 408.4 miles
The route continues into Idaho and Montana, climbing through mountainous terrain on the approach to Missoula, home to Adventure Cycling’s headquarters.
Alternates:
- Missoula Spur a short spur off the main route into downtown Missoula near Lolo, giving riders direct access to Adventure Cycling’s headquarters and its “cyclist’s lounge.” Missoula is a college town with a full range of bike shops and services, making it one of the highlights of the entire route for many riders.
Missoula, MT to West Yellowstone, MT, 329.8 miles
This section continues through western Montana toward West Yellowstone, the gateway to Yellowstone National Park.
West Yellowstone, MT to Rawlins, WY, 350.0 miles
The route crosses Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks before continuing across Wyoming’s high country toward Rawlins.
Alternates:
- Jackson Spur a spur route into the town of Jackson, Wyoming, just east of Grand Teton National Park. Jackson is a popular tourist destination with full services, restaurants, and lodging, making it a worthwhile detour for riders who want a break from the park’s more limited amenities.
Rawlins, WY to Pueblo, CO, 389.5 miles
This section continues south into Colorado, crossing high Rocky Mountain passes, including Hoosier Pass, the route’s highest point at over 11,000 feet, on the way to Pueblo.
Pueblo, CO to Alexander, KS, 287.8 miles
The route descends onto the Great Plains, crossing into Kansas and its wide-open high prairie toward Alexander.
Alexander, KS to Girard, KS, 326.1 miles
This section continues across Kansas farmland and prairie, with long, hot stretches and sparse services in places, toward Girard.
Girard, KS to Murphysboro, IL, 411.0 miles
The route crosses into Missouri and the Ozark Mountains before continuing into southern Illinois toward Murphysboro.
Murphysboro, IL to Berea, KY, 400.4 miles
This section crosses into Kentucky, passing near Abraham Lincoln’s birthplace on the approach to Berea in the Appalachian foothills.
Berea, KY to Christiansburg, VA, 370.5 miles
The route climbs into the heart of the Appalachian Mountains through Kentucky and Virginia, crossing rugged, scenic terrain toward Christiansburg.
Christiansburg, VA to Yorktown, VA, 368 miles
This final section climbs through Botetourt County to Lexington before joining the Blue Ridge Parkway and passing through the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. From there, the route descends through colonial Virginia and past Civil War battlefields, finishing at Yorktown near the Chesapeake Bay.
TransAmerica Bicycle Trail Photos
Plan Your Ride
As the original cross-country route, this trail benefits from decades of cyclist history and infrastructure, though its length still calls for real planning.
Trip Planning & Logistics
Portland is the nearest major airport to Astoria, and the Williamsburg and Newport News area offers airport and Amtrak access near the Yorktown finish. The route works in either direction, and most riders plan around three months for the full crossing, though some finish faster at the cost of sightseeing time. It connects with the Parks, Peaks, and Prairies route at West Yellowstone, the Eastern Express Connector at Walden, Colorado, the Western Express at Pueblo, and the Sierra Cascades at Sisters, Oregon, for riders looking to customize their trip. This route is available in paper and digital formats through Adventure Cycling’s shop and includes routing, detailed service information, riding conditions, and field notes for trip planning.
A standard touring bike suits this route well, with low climbing gears for the Rockies and the steep Appalachian hills. Pack rain gear for the Oregon coast, warm layers for cold mountain mornings, and sun protection and extra water capacity for the plains. Many cafes and lodgings along the route keep cyclist journals, so it’s worth carrying a small notebook of your own.
Decades of cross-country riders have built a strong network of cyclist-friendly camping, lodging, and hospitality along this route, from city parks and church hostels to bike-only hostels like the one in Rosedale, Virginia. Reservations help in busier towns during peak summer season, though many small-town options operate informally for touring cyclists. Some campgrounds charge solo cyclists the same as a full tent or RV site, and Warmshowers hosts are plentiful.
Services generally appear at reasonable intervals, though Kansas and the high plains see some of the longest gaps between towns, and water can run scarce in Oregon’s and Wyoming’s high desert, so carry extra capacity through those sections. Small-town cafes are a highlight of the route, many with a long history of feeding cross-country cyclists. Check your digital route in Ride with GPS for service phone numbers, and call ahead for anything outside peak season.
High passes in the Colorado Rockies top 11,000 feet, so prepare for cold, changeable weather even in summer. In Yellowstone, give bison and other wildlife plenty of room and store food properly. On the plains, watch for fast-building thunderstorms with little shelter, and in the Midwest, pace yourself and carry extra water in the heat. Loose dogs are common in Kentucky and parts of Virginia, and coal trucks use some narrow Appalachian roads, so ride defensively.
Always check Adventure Cycling Route Updates and Corrections before you go.
Routes change. Bridges wash out, businesses close, and construction pops up overnight. We strive to keep routes updated as those things happen. When we learn about a change, we reroute around sections that have become dangerous or are temporarily closed for road work, bridge outages, or construction, and we update service information as businesses open, close, or move. Digital routes are updated as soon as we’ve reviewed a reported issue.
You’re often the first to spot these changes out on the road. Help us keep this route accurate for the next rider by reporting anything you notice with our Route Feedback Form.
This Route Is Part of Something Bigger
It’s one piece of the Adventure Cycling Route Network, began in 1976 and built on a simple mission: to empower people to travel by bike. Our team maps and maintains it; our members and donors make it possible.
-
Explore the Adventure Cycling Route Network
Our premium routes are well researched by our cartographers and well traveled by thousands of cyclists.
Adventure Cycling Route Network -
Support Route Development
Our members are the reason we can offer three route networks tailored for specific experiences and riders.
Become a Member -
Stay Connected
Find your stoke with our newsletter all about routes, gear, stories, and cycling news in your inbox twice a month.
Sign up for Bike Bits
Frequently Asked Questions
It’s our flagship, staff-built route network. The one that started it all 50 years ago with the TransAmerica Trail, the route that launched bicycle touring and bikepacking in America. Every route in it is designed and researched by our own team of cyclists and cartographers: months of research and on-the-ground testing go into each one, so what you get is more than a line on a map. Each Adventure Cycling route has detailed logistics, terrain and elevation info, points of interest, camping and lodging, safety alerts, and history, all in one place. It’s the most in-depth of our three networks, available as digital routes and most as paper maps too. It’s the route network we update most regularly as conditions change.
They’re related, but not the same thing. The Adventure Cycling Route Network is made up of routes we’ve researched, ridden, and mapped ourselves, chosen specifically for a great touring or bikepacking experience. The U.S. Bicycle Route System (USBRS) is a state-by-state national system that we serve as technical experts for, made official through each state’s department of transportation. The two overlap in a lot of places, but an ACRN route carries our own on-the-ground vetting; a USBRS route carries official state recognition.
It depends! If you want a route we’ve personally scouted end to end, with services, camping, and terrain notes built in, start with the Route Network. The ACA Route Network has routes of many different lengths and can be a much easier starting place for someone new to bicycle travel. If you’re an experienced cyclist piecing together an officially designated corridor, or riding somewhere the two systems converge, the interactive USBRS map is a good resource to use.
The Adventure Cycling Route Network is a premium network because of everything that goes into it. Unlike the U.S. Bicycle Route System (built by state DOTs) or Short Routes (submittedby cyclists in their own communities), every Adventure Cycling route is researched, ridden, and vetted end-to-end by our own team. Unlike other routes, Adventure Cycling routes come with extensive information on riding conditions, terrain notes, camping and lodging info, logistics, safety alerts, and points of interest. We also keep it current as roads and services change. The price supports that ongoing research and maintenance work, done by a nonprofit whose whole mission is making sure the route in your hands is one you can trust.
Turn-by-turn directions with a bike icon aren’t the same as a route built for specifically touring or bikepacking. Every mile in the Adventure Cycling Route Network has been researched and ridden by our staff and researchers, chosen to avoid dangerous traffic, and mapped with what a touring cyclist actually needs — food, water, camping, hotels, bike shops — spaced out along the way. The Adventure Cycling Route Network was built for cyclists by cyclists, is regularly updated, and comes with the resources and information needed to plan your ride.
No. The network includes routes for a wide range of experience and difficulty levels, from a first multi-day trip to a cross-country expedition. What every route has in common is that it was chosen with a touring cyclist’s needs in mind, whatever kind of trip you’re planning.
Not at all. Alongside iconic long-distance routes like the TransAmerica Trail, the network includes shorter regional routes, so it works for a weeklong vacation or a two-month journey.
For many years, we focused on paved routes, but today the network includes plenty of unpaved gravel riding for bikepacking. In fact, Adventure Cycling mapped the Great Divide Mountain Bike Route in 1998, arguably the most impactful bikepacking route in the world. The Adventure Cycling Route Network also includes the Golden Gravel Trail, Idaho Hot Springs Mountain Bike Route, Arkansas High Country Route, and more. Some routes are a 50/50 mix of pavement and gravel. Some routes follow paved and unpaved bike paths and rail trails. The Adventure Cycling Route Network has terrain for every cyclist.
We revisit our printed maps every three to five years, and push corrections to our digital route data as we learn about changes on the ground. If you have an Adventure Cycling Route in Ride with GPS that we’ve updated, you’ll get a notification when you open the route to update to the newest version of the route. Updating will ensure you have the latest data, information, and points of interest vital to being on route. For cyclists who have Adventure Cycling paper maps, we keep a list of route- and section-specific updates current on our Map Updates and Corrections page.
Change comes from two directions: our own staff research and reports from the cyclists actually out there riding them. If a bridge washes out, a shoulder disappears, a campground closes for repairs, or a town loses its only grocery store, that’s the kind of thing that triggers an update. You can help us keep our routes accurate; fill out our Route Feedback Form.
Most of our Adventure Cycling Routes come as waterproof print maps and digital Ride with GPS navigational data. Our print maps are the #1 longstanding popular resource for traveling cyclists. They are waterproof, highly detailed and always work. For long trips, many cyclists use a combination of print maps and digital routes.
If you’re already comfortable and familiar with a GPS navigational aid such as Ride with GPS or a Garmin, our digital data packages are an excellent choice. We do not recommend GPX data for beginners since there are a few extra steps to installing and troubleshooting.
Once you purchase a digital route, you’ll get an email with a link to unlock it in the free Ride with GPS app — no separate subscription required for basic navigation. From there you get turn-by-turn voice directions, curated points of interest like campgrounds and bike shops, and field notes on the history, geography, and climate along your route, all available 100% offline. If you’drather use a dedicated GPS device, you can export the route as a GPX file to load onto a Garmin, Wahoo, or similar device.
To export GPX files of your Adventure Cycling digital route, use your laptop or desktop to open the email you received after purchasing your digital route. Click on the link that allows you to access your Digital Route. Finally, click on EXPORT ALL at the bottom of the screen. This is the only way to export files that include the route line, points of interest, and services. Files will be exported as one ZIP file.
Adventure Cycling uses abbreviations across its paper and digital routes to indicate particular services, land or road types, route names, direction of travel, and route type. Please see our key to abbreviations.
If you have questions on how to purchase a digital route or about the route content, please contact Adventure Cycling: cartography@adventurecycling.org or 406-721-1776.
If you have questions on how to use your Digital Route in Ride with GPS, please check the Ride with GPS support page or email them at info@ridewithgps.com.
If you’re new to Ride with GPS, please check out the following resources:
Our print map panels aren’t always oriented northwards for space and layout reasons. Refer to the north arrows to help orient yourself if you’re not sure.
No. The Routes and Mapping Department does not do custom routes for individuals. Check out the routes we’ve already mapped, and use the interactive map to piece our route networks together, forming a route that gets you from a point A to point B of your choice.
It started with a single route. In 1976, we mapped the TransAmerica Trail, and more than 4,000 cyclists crossed the country together for Bikecentennial — the nation’s bicentennial cycling celebration our founders organized. That one route became the seed of a network we’ve spent the decades since expanding. Today it’s more than 58,000 miles of mapped routes across the U.S. and Canada, from classic epics like the TransAmerica Trail, Great Divide Mountain Bike Route, and Pacific Coast, to shorter regional routes.